Description and significance of this artefact
MDDE 602 was my first examination of the design of research and the considerations involved in ensuring that it is appropriate, valuable, and robust. Assignment 1 required me to create a short essay to present my case for research in a particular area of distance education of my choosing. I had to present an argument in favour of a particular research method. My presentation was based on both the readings and the conference discussions up to that point in the course. I was required to present my case and “… Identify a position regarding one aspect of the research process.”
In this, my second course, I identified myself fully in the “community of online learners”, so I could visualize what this kind of research would mean to me. I was unable to find any significant research materials on the value to a distance education student of their relationship with other learners in the class. From my experience, I already felt that this was a significant support to my learning, so I made this the focus for my proposed research project.
As I worked on this assignment, I felt that I was not just completing an academic exercise, but that I was actually creating a product of value as a framework for a potential future research project. In the professor’s feedback to me, she commented that this would potentially be of value to faculty, and ultimately to students. I was encouraged and began to think that the thesis route might be appropriate for me given my interest in what I was learning.
Excerpt from the paper – Introduction
"In this paper, I will discuss some of the considerations in the design of an initial research project aimed at eliciting students’ views on their involvement as members of a community of learners participating in a post-secondary learning activity delivered principally or entirely through distance education (DE). I have chosen to limit the scope of the discussion to a particular research topic in order to highlight the decision process and research design considerations for a specific case. I believe this narrowing of focus enables me to examine different research paradigms, methods, and approaches, and make informed comparisons based on their strengths and appropriateness to the aims and intent of this specific research project.
I have chosen this research topic based on my personal interest, and also because it potentially has a huge impact on the effectiveness of DE from an individual learner’s perspective. Past research has shown higher drop-out rates for DE than face-to-face learning encounters. However, there appears to be little research on the type of engagement individual learners have with the class group…"
(from page 2).
Evidence of building skills, knowledge, and competence
This activity involved many aspects of problem solving, analysis, and decision making (1.1, 1.2). In reading about the different research methods, and their significance to my chosen area, I had to access additional information beyond that provided and determine which of it was pertinent to my situation (1.4, 1.5).
As a relative newcomer to this area of research design and how to ensure that what I was proposing was appropriate, this experience gave me confidence in selecting an appropriate approach for my particular research area and in choosing parameters for the research, I was practising my decision-making skills (1.6) and receiving good feedback from my professor. I also had to adapt my approach to the specific situation of my research question (1.11).
A major part of the exercise was to develop my skills in creating a meaningful and effective research question around which to define the project (5.1), and then to apply the theoretical concepts to ensure that the research would be appropriate to the purpose (5.2, 5.5). My research project was designed to be open-ended, and ideally iterative – being refined based on results, modified, and then repeated (5.6). In developing my proposal, I had to do additional reading and determine what sources related, and understand the value they provided, to my context (5.3, 5.4).
A research project that is poorly communicated to its target audience, is of low value to those who would use it. A significant part of this activity was to communicate the aims of the project and to ensure that they were targeted to an audience that could use the research results to achieve improved understanding of the issues (4.1, 5.7). I think that my personal involvement with the topic help me to present a strong case for research on relationships between students as an area relatively unexplored and capable of yielding useful insights. I hope that, through this exercise, I have developed significantly in all the skills, knowledge, and competencies described above.
Following this assignment, and through this course, I became able to visualize myself as a future educational researcher, and felt that I had gained an understanding of a robust process to follow in pursuing that goal.
Looking back on the experience
Rereading the materials (including the feedback provided by my professor), with nine years having passed, I can still visualize myself as an academic researcher in some capacity. My health situation made me feel that it was prudent to complete the program course based rather than becoming involved in constructing a thesis, then possibly encountering significant health issues and being unable to complete. Nevertheless, I still have a hankering to help to create meaningful research results using academic research practices. I feel that I have developed a good starting point for working in that area (and can further develop those skills with practice).
However, as pointed out by my professor at the time, I still had much to learn – and she provided excellent guidance (as shown below). In any future research activities, I do intend to refer to this advice and endeavour to reflect it in my work.
“The researcher could do some form of triangulation by including member checks or audits. In Grounded Theory we [prefer to] continuously bring conclusions back to the data for verification. Study further into the rigor of authenticity and dependability involving triangulation, internal audits, and other means of ensuring accuracy of reporting the voices of study participants in qualitative data. Neuman touches on this. It is essential for the researcher who intends to engage in qualitative research to know these like second nature.”
Dr. Cynthia Blodgett-Griffin (2008). Extract from feedback to Assignment 1 for Paul Benson (used with permission).
In revisiting this artefact, I have also rekindled my interest in the whole subject of student support for distance education. Although it is unlikely that I will be a researcher in this area, it is quite reasonable to suppose that I can be a supporter of online students. In the current course, I am enjoying reviewing other students work and providing constructive feedback. In other courses, for example MDDE 665 – Collaboration and Mentoring (artefact 4), I examined the possibility that I would become a mentor to others. This is very much still in my mind, and I will be revisiting this idea in my Conclusion paper.
My context for research these days is different from back then. Now I probably will be focusing mostly on research topics related to discrimination and emancipation where people are being marginalized by the current system and/or attitudes (either inadvertently or purposefully). For example, some people may believe that residents in long-term care have no purpose in pursuing educational opportunities and, in many cases, they may be viewed as unable to benefit (or incapable of operating at the required level). Such views can often be based on observation and knowledge but, on occasions, they may also be based on stereotypical views and a lack of information.
I believe that, for those who are motivated and able to participate, there is a strong link between pursuing positive learning goals on a regular basis, and healthy aging. I would like to be instrumental in examining this relationship. A possible starting point would be to conduct a survey to determine how many residents are interested in formal and informal learning experiences, and what areas are they interested in pursuing. I have talked with a local community group, of which I am a member, to see if research of this type is felt to provide value (and if such a project could get government support). At least this would create some statistical measure of the interest within this community in ongoing learning. More in-depth research projects could be generated based on the analysis of these data.
However, before starting to develop a research project or participating in an existing research project, I need to do more studying. From my reflection, I have determined that I need to revisit my studies on research methods, follow the advice of Dr. Blodgett-Griffin (as briefly shown above), and conduct my own meta-research before embarking on any kind of research project. I feel that this is a necessary step because of the time that has elapsed since taking the course, and because I want to have a rigourous approach to research design and execution that leads to the best possible outcome.
I hope to help create research projects for the senior community, and other disadvantaged groups, that can help to highlight their interests and needs not currently met. However, I am open to participating in any type of research project that arises (both my own, and others that I discover).
Thus the learning that occurred for me in MDDE 602 lives on, and continues to have an influence on my life plans.
“What students say could be done about dropout
An alternative approach to asking students why they dropped out is to ask them what the institution could have done to prevent them dropping out. Johnston (2002) used this method with full-time students at Napier University, Scotland.”
Simpson (2005, p. 31).
Research Approach and Assumptions
“Based on the scenario outlined in the introduction, a primary goal of this research is to discover learner views on their involvement with their learner group and to identify the values that individual learners assign to the components of their participation. Since the aim of this project is to capture a specific portion of the social reality of the learning experience and identify some meaning to the structure of that experience, the research topic favours a qualitative approach. The intent is to conduct applied research that can be used by learning institutions to identify factors and issues that are within their control, and where they can effect changes resulting in positive outcomes for learners.”
(from page 3).
Applicability of Research Results to Distance Education
“Difficulties experienced by learners when engaging using DE have a direct negative impact on the learning institution. By researching learner engagement with the group, institutions may identify issues causing concern that may be preventing learners from fully achieving their learning goals. By identifying any such problem areas, institutions may be able to identify areas in which to reduce barriers, provide appropriate supports, or change their approach to accommodate learner difficulties.”
(from page 6).
Core Skills, Knowledge & Competencies demonstrated
1. Problem Solving, Analysis, & Decision Making
1.1. Recognize problems
1.2. Define the aspects of problems
1.4. Find and access information
1.5. Critically evaluate the relevance of information for a given situation
1.6. Compare alternatives using critical analysis
1.11. Adapt solutions to suit varied situations.
4. Communication & Interpersonal Skills
4.1. Write clearly and in a style appropriate to purpose (e.g. assignments, essays, published documents, and theses)
5. Research
5.1. Frame effective and meaningful research questions
5.2. Identify, discuss and apply theoretical considerations to proposed research
5.3. Access and critically evaluate sources and content for quality, applicability and relevance
5.4. Critically review literature both broadly and in-depth
5.5. Formulate questions and reasoned arguments, leading to rational conclusions
5.6. Summarize and synthesize information with a view to pursuing deeper understanding
5.7. Effectively communicate information, arguments, and analyses in the discipline of Distance Education, in a variety of forms, to suit different contexts and audiences
References and further readings
Simpson, O. (2005). Supporting Students in Online, Open and Distance Learning. London: Routledge.
Further readings
Inkelaar, T. & Simpson, O. (2015). Challenging the ‘distance education deficit’ through ‘motivational emails’. Open Learning. Vol. 30 Issue 2, p152-163. 12p. DOI: 10.1080/02680513.2015.1055718.
Shepherd, C.E. & Bolliger, D. U. (2011). The effects of electronic portfolio tools on online students' perceived support and cognitive load. Internet and Higher Education, 14(3), pp. 142–149. Available: http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.aupac.lib.athabascau.ca/science/article/pii/S1096751611000030
Comments
Susan Moisey
02 February 2018, 12:26 PM
Paul,
This is a good choice of artefact. Your Introduction provided a concise description of the artefact and your rationale set the stage for the critical reflection to follow. You did a good job of integrating the acquisition of competencies into your critical reflection. The addition of references added substance to your analysis. My only suggestion is quite minor -- you can delete the word "References" from the bottom of the right hand column, as the title above it provides a heading.
An excellent start to what will no doubt be a great e-portfolio.
Susan
Siobhan Cook
02 March 2018, 6:16 PM
Hi Paul,
I, like you, find so much value in going back and looking at instructor feedback. This process has been helpful because it encourages you to not be static in your learning. It must have been interesting looking back at feedback from one of your first courses in the program :)
Only one format suggestion:
Assignment #1 – Research Design Evaluation and Critique
from: Research Methods in Distance Education winter 2008
*This is a different size font from the other description components in your portfolio.
Onward,
Siobhan
Paul Benson
03 March 2018, 8:17 PM
Thanks Siobhan – that was a good catch on the titles – now fixed.
Returning to the feedback from the Prof. – after so many years – I had forgotten how valuable it is, particularly as I am hoping to be back into a further program of study by September (if I get accepted).
It is amazing how one thing leads to another, and another…!
I appreciate the help of all the group, and Athabasca faculty and staff for getting me this far. I have been truly blessed.
I look forward to talking with you more as we get ever closer to that finish line!
All the best, Paul
Jocelyn Littlefair
03 March 2018, 11:19 AM
Hi, Paul -
I so appreciate your dedication to use your learning within your current environment.
Your quote regarding reducing barriers, changing approaches, and providing accommodations speaks to my heart; although our situations are very different, they seem to follow a uniquely parallel path. As a teacher of 22+ years, I see that these three strands are necessary to supporting our most vulnerable students to achieve success in differentiated learning environments.
Well done, Paul.
-Jocelyn
Paul Benson
03 March 2018, 8:30 PM
Hi Jocelyn,
I really feel that “reducing barriers, changing approaches, and providing accommodations” is the work of now. As the school, university, and college systems leave behind their Industrial Revolution ideas in favour of promoting and developing “human capital,” I think we will see some amazing changes!
Open learning now seems to be all around me – Siobhan pointed me to a free UBC course that looks very interesting. I am also talking with Ryerson University in Toronto who are open to me connecting into their on campus July workshops on disability studies. So many people are now working on hybrid courses of all kinds that no one needs to feel excluded or disrespected.
This is such an exciting time to be involved in learning. I wonder, if you look back in five years time, if the school experience will show any similarity to the current environment.
May we live in interesting times!
Thanks and all the best, Paul
Hard Work
02 January 2019, 1:06 AM
Danny
11 January 2019, 11:34 AM